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electrocathodoluminescence是什么意思，electrocathodoluminescence翻译
Electrocathodoluminescence (ECL) is a phenomenon in which light is emitted from a material when it is subjected to an electric field and excited by a cathode ray. This unique property of materials has found applications in various fields, such as displays, lighting, and sensors. In this article, we will explore the basics of electrocathodoluminescence, its principles, and some of its practical applications.
Electrocathodoluminescence was first observed by accident in 1852 by the English physicist Sir William Crookes. He was studying the properties of vacuum tubes and noticed that light was emitted from the tubes when a high voltage was applied across them. Crookes named this phenomenon "cathode ray" after the rays emitted from the cathode (negative electrode) of the tube.
The basic principle of electrocathodoluminescence involves the injection of electrons into a material, which causes the material to become excited. When the excited electrons return to their ground state, they release energy in the form of light. This process is known as recombination. The material used in ECL devices is typically a semiconductor, such as gallium arsenide or indium phosphide, which has a bandgap energy that allows it to emit light at specific wavelengths.
There are two main types of electrocathodoluminescent devices: passive and active. Passive ECL devices rely on the natural recombination of electrons and holes (positive charges) generated by the electric field. These devices do not require an external source of electrons, but their light output is relatively low. Active ECL devices, on the other hand, use an external electron source, such as a laser or an electron gun, to inject electrons into the material. This results in a higher light output and better control over the emission properties of the device.
One of the most significant applications of electrocathodoluminescence is in the field of displays. ECL