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epicardium是什么意思，epicardium翻译
Epicardium
The epicardium is the outermost layer of the heart, also known as the visceral pericardium. It is a delicate membrane that covers the surface of the heart and lines the inside of the pericardial cavity. The epicardium serves several important functions in the cardiovascular system.
Firstly, the epicardium provides protection and support for the heart. It acts as a barrier against physical damage and helps to maintain the structural integrity of the organ. The epicardium also contains blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to the heart muscle, ensuring its proper functioning.
Secondly, the epicardium plays a role in the regulation of heart rate and rhythm. It contains autonomic nerve fibers that innervate the heart and help to control its electrical activity. These fibers release neurotransmitters that can speed up or slow down the heart rate, depending on the body's needs.
Additionally, the epicardium is involved in the production of pericardial fluid. This fluid fills the pericardial cavity and acts as a lubricant, reducing friction between the layers of the pericardium during the heart's beating motion. This lubrication is crucial for the smooth functioning of the heart and prevents damage to the surrounding structures.
In some cases, the epicardium can be affected by diseases or conditions that can impact the heart's function. For example, pericarditis is an inflammation of the epicardium that can cause chest pain and other symptoms. Other conditions, such as pericardial effusion (excessive fluid buildup in the pericardial cavity), can also affect the epicardium and lead to heart failure if not treated promptly.
In summary, the epicardium is an essential layer of the heart that provides protection, support, and regulation of heart rate. It also helps to reduce friction and maintain the proper functioning of the heart. Understanding the role of the epicardium is crucial for diagnosing and treating various heart conditions.